Circular Science and the 1440-Minute Matrix in Ancestral Astronomy

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Acrylic painting on canvas depicting the spacetime matrix by Joana Burnay.

In This Article

Part I — Ancestral Astronomy

Part II — Circular Science and the 1440-Minute Matrix

Part III — Ancestral Astronomy and Modern Astronomy



Ancestral Astronomy logo by Joana Burnay.

Part I — Ancestral Astronomy




I — 1. The Myth of Primitive Science

The idea that Ancestral Astronomy was a rudimentary body of knowledge, based on a strictly primitive geocentric perspective that served only to predict and identify astronomical events on Earth — such as the seasons or eclipses, accompanied by mystical celebrations and rituals, or to erect monuments aligned with the sky — is a rather naive interpretation by our modern culture, highly revealing of how far removed we are from ancestral scientific reality.

To truly understand the depth of the knowledge possessed by these civilizations — pre-dating antiquity — we must strip away the deeply ingrained prejudice in our modern culture that Ancestral Astronomy was a mere mystical interpretation of the heavens, associated only with superstitions, cults, and sacrifices, when, in truth, it was a rigorous, mathematically based science that accurately described the mechanics of celestial bodies in space-time.

Ancestral Astronomy is remarkably recognized for its role in the construction of monuments perfectly aligned with the cosmos, demonstrating a rigorous and precise knowledge of ephemerides and celestial mechanics.



I — 2. Calendars, Ephemerides, and the Circular Pattern of the Skies

The precision of this knowledge of celestial mechanics can be evidenced by in the calendars and time-division systems of ancient cultures that have been passed down to us, in which orbital movements, cycles, and planetary events are harmoniously reproduced — systems that remain in use today and have never required replacement.

Beyond the precision of their calendars, these civilizations left ephemerides records of admirable complexity and accuracy, which continue to amaze modern astronomy.

This research into calendars revealed that ancestral astronomical knowledge did not require advanced technology to explain the Earth's journey through the universe — a journey that unfolds across a three-dimensional, expanding spacetime structure.

It was the circular astronomical system that enabled ancient cultures to discover a dynamic pattern in the sky — a mathematically and geometrically perfect template — an organized structure built by the orbits, cycles, alignments, and other planetary events traced by the Earth, alongside the Moon and the Sun, across the universe.

A pattern discovered in the skies by astronomy, also recognizable within the natural world on our planet's surface.


I — 3. Physical, Psychical, and Spiritual Reality 

It is through this comprehensive vision of the sky understood on a cosmic scale — relatable to life on Earth — that we can finally comprehend that ancient civilizations, rather than identifying alignments or ephemerides marked by their constructions and monuments in an isolated or casual manner, sought to recreate on theEarth’s surface the understanding dictated to them by astronomy.

The science of ancient cultures was grounded in the principle that the universe operated within a physical and psychical system — simultaneous and complementary — governed by the same laws and order of expansion.

In this knowledge, the psychical dimension was always integrated with the physical dimension of matter within nature, life, and the cosmos — thus, these civilizations elevated the totality of the universe to a spiritual dimension, always and naturally integrated into scientific knowledge.

Consequently, we can understand how the spiritual and scientific life of these cultures was integrated into a cultural whole, with a profound reverence for cosmic order and astronomical knowledge — reflected in the construction of monuments aligned with the sky and the celestial vault, a practice that expressed their scientific and spiritual character in harmony with the laws of the universe — in which they demonstrated the understanding that celestial mechanics exactly corresponds to how life manifests, organizes, and develops on Earth.

For these civilizations, astronomical rigor and architectural precision arose from the recognition that Earth's spacetime operated as the generating axis of life, form, and spirit upon the surface of our planet.

To live, build, plant, and govern out of alignment with this sovereign, cyclical order of the skies would be considered a distortion of reality, a complete lack of rigor in relation to the cosmic loom which they knew wove and ordered their entire natural system, with an immense mathematical precision found in the development and evolution of matter, the psyche, and all forms of life — manifested on the surface of the Earth.





Part II — Circular Science and the 1440-Minute Matrix



II — 1. Circular Science 

Understanding that the scientific system of ancient cultures rested upon a universal circular pattern — mathematically and geometrically observed with great precision and at a highly advanced level, made comprehensible through their astronomy — was the primary breakthrough achieved by this research into calendars and Ancestral Astronomy.

The discovery of the three-dimensional pattern of Earth's spacetime within the astronomy of these cultures made it possible to prove that the universe always expanded and manifested according to circular and cyclical patterns — organically, proportionally, and harmoniously organized, and explainable in mathematical and geometric terms.

In this circular science, the spacetime of planets was defined by their own dynamics in space and time, in an articulated and integrated manner, through circular and cyclical movements determined by their orbits, cycles, alignments, and planetary events in their journey through the universe.

This allows us to understand that the pattern found in the sky by astronomy — recognizable also in nature and on Earth's surface — was the foundation upon which the scientific, spiritual, and cultural systems of these civilizations rested. From mathematics to geometry, from art to architecture, from myths to rituals, all human phenomena and creations were based on the exact same principles and templates of this circular science.



II — 2. The 1440-Minute Matrix

The main difficulty in immerse ourselves in the true dimension and depth of ancestral astronomy and science can be explained by the lack of knowledge regarding its fundamental operational instrument — the 1440-Minute Matrix.

In this research into astronomy, the discovery of the constant repetition of the same numbers and time cycles — within calendars — revealed the existence of an operational base in the ancestral astronomical calculation method, in which the 1440-Minute Matrix was the main tool.

This mechanical instrument of astronomical interpretation — which, apparently, has not survived into our modern civilization, at least in this original ancient model — is the mathematical mechanics that explains and underpins the entire system of Circular Science. This measurement matrix is, after all, what reveals the scientific rigor with which ancient cultures observed the heavens.

The foundation of Circular Science is based on the observation of the cyclical way in which the universe determines natural events and phenomena, both in the sky and on Earth. From this scientific perspective, the 1440-Minute Matrix represents a complete cycle and functions as a model that organically describes natural order and evolution, with the beginning (0'), middle (720'), and end (1440') of each cycle.

This circular matrix is the standard unit of ancestral astronomy — having as its sole magnitude the minute of time and the angular minute of space, always interrelated. It is a convention inspired by Earth's solar day cycle that does not treat the unit in isolation, but rather integrated within the evolutionary circular and cyclical pattern, consistent with universal order.



II — 3. The 1:1 Scale, the Zero Point, and the 1440 Minutes

The selection of the solar day matrix pattern with 1440 minutes as the ancestral astronomical unit to represent the cyclical dynamics of the universe is justified by the harmony in which one minute of time corresponds to one angular minute — a proportionality on a 1:1 scale that transforms Earth's rotation into a perfect reference frame — a calculation model that allows all astronomical measurements and coordinates to have a human dimension and scale, capable of being applied and understood in a rational manner.

Thus, contrary to what we might think, this reference frame based on the solar day — which allows cyclical and proportional astronomical relationships to be established arithmetically — in no way binds ancestral astronomy to a geocentric vision solely based on observation from Earth.

Furthermore, since the 1440 minutes are the exact measure of Earth's rotation, this circular dimension can contain the cycles and orbits of the Sun, Earth, and Moon, manifesting in a dynamic harmony and proportionality that can be translated, in full detail, by astronomy.

Although the 1440-Minute Matrix model is very similar to the zodiac, the clock, and the 360-degree circumference convention, when we apply ancestral astronomy to this circular system, we can prove that this matrix is a surprisingly versatile instrument — unlike the fixed structure of the zodiac and the clock.

Thus, although this circular astronomical system may seem familiar to us, its application and results reveal a completely original and unknown model, at least within our modern culture.

The idea that the 1440-Minute Matrix represents the zodiac with our planet at the centre does not apply to this ancestral model. In reality, Earth functions as the centre of observation only when the focus is its own rotational movement, the Moon's translation around it, or the cycle of lunations.

However, if Earth's translation is the object of study, then the Sun is the central point of the matrix. The centre of observation could even be our galaxy, should the object of study be the Sun's journey around it.



II — 4. Sun, Earth, and Moon at the Centre of the Matrix

The zero reference point and the 1440-minutes mark, which denote the beginning and end of the observed cycle, constitute a definition of great importance in reading any matrix, zodiac, or clock.

While on a clock the starting point is marked by midnight or noon, the zodiac is aligned with the vernal point, the zero-degree mark of Aries, which in ancestral astronomy represented the beginning, indeed, but only in relation to the solar day and Earth's rotation, and not in relation to our planet's translation.

The northern reference point in the 1440-Minute Matrix, which determined the beginning and end of the observed cycle, was marked at the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere.

Midnight of the solar day, as well as the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, represented the highest point and cyclic starting point of astronomy in relation to our planet.

When the object of observation was the Moon, the starting point was positioned at the opposite point, to the south, with the Sun serving as a reference and Earth at the centre of the matrix.

Thus, with these examples, we can confirm the versatility with which this circular astronomical scale could be applied and transformed. In this way, understanding the workings of this ancestral instrument helps to demystify the idea that ancestral knowledge might have been naive.

It becomes clear that questions such as geocentrism and heliocentrism did not represent doubts or debates, but merely different perspectives and possible systems — an ancient astronomical model grounded in the point of observation rather than in the observer.

Depending on the cycle or orbit to be observed, both the central reference in the matrix and the Zero/1440 point — which mark the beginning and end of the cycle — are variables that change according to the perspective, system, movement, or event under consideration, whether it be the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, or any other planet.

The 1440-minute Matrix allowed for the measurement of different cycles, orbits, and any moving planetary event, all interconnected in an integrated and proportional manner. All these dynamics were observed under the same reference points and numerical magnitudes of the matrix itself.

In this way, the 1440-Minute solar day served as a model, acting as a standard cumulative unit at the end of each complete cycle in space and time — whether this cycle was the rotation, revolution, crossing, or alignment of the stars and planets in the sky.



II — 5. The Circular and Cyclic Nature

The celestial mechanics, when observed through this circular system, reveals the orderly, harmonious, and proportional manner in which the universe operates in the sky. It is through these teachings that we understand how the exact same numbers structure and admirably organize this system across multiple dimensions and varying scales — whether in minutes, days, or years — manifesting in time and space through any astronomical cycle or dynamic.

In the practical description of this technique upon which ancient Circular Science is grounded — structured through the instrument of the 1440-Minute Matrix — the rigor of this system was evidenced by the way astronomical events and orbits were meticulously analyzed and distinguished before being interconnected.

Although the Haab and Tzolkin calendars of the Maya and Aztec cultures served as the ideal starting point for this study, the findings of this research demonstrate that the knowledge of these civilizations was, in fact, built upon a global Ancestral Astronomy.

This model of astronomical observation can be comprehensively observed across ancient cultures. A conclusion that becomes evident upon confirming that numbers and time cycles are easily correlated within this shared pattern of common ancestral knowledge — although considered through different conventions, frameworks, articulations and calendars.

In fact, the great differences in astronomy do not lie among ancient cultures themselves, but rather between ancestral astronomy and modern astronomy.

While the operational system of the 1440-Minutes Matrix — whose calculation originated the calendar structures of ancient cultures — has not survived into present times, the same cannot be said for these time cycles, which remain active within our modern culture.

A legacy that can be found in arithmetic, geometry, or spirituality, through numerical patterns and the same whole numbers utilized and revered by these cultures — such as decimal sequences, the base 12 system (dozen and half-dozen), the profound relevance of the number 7, seen in the days of the week or musical notes, or the spiritual meaning and scientific role of the number 5, represented by the fingers of the hand or in the concept of quintessence.




II — 6. Geometry, Mathematics, and the Order of Whole Numbers

The mathematical character that this investigation attributes to ancient scientific knowledge refers, in fact, to a system that operates according to the laws of arithmetic and with whole numbers — and never on equations or modern mathematical models.

However, due to its multiple and elaborate configurations, the operations of this astronomical system can go beyond simple arithmetic. Thus, the choice of mathematics in this project to frame these calculations is a way of ensuring that this entire ancient system is fully included in this study.

Regarding the rigorous and mathematical character of Ancestral Astronomy that this study confirms — a research founded and built essentially on numbers and calendar time cycles — who better to serve as a guide in this work than the cultures of Mesoamerica?

It was precisely the strong mathematical nature of these cultures that enabled this research to reach a successful conclusion — because, ultimately, what I know about astronomy was taught to me by the Mayas.

However, the mathematical knowledge of these cultures was not limited to numbers — side by side with the arithmetic of the calendars, geometry emerges — following a pattern of equal genius and precision.

Just as whole number arithmetic relies on the calculations of the ancient circular system, the same can be said, with equal relevance, regarding the geometric principles established within the 1440-minute Matrix.

The arithmetic and geometric principles upon which this research into calendars is based, deep and comprehensive as they may be, are already familiar to us. Indeed, they represent the cultural, scientific, and spiritual foundations of all human knowledge on Earth.

It is with this understanding that the greatest evidence brought to light by this study, in an admirable way and with complete clarity, is that it is the Universe itself that shapes us within this structure of calculations and measures — and teaches us that the true mother of mathematics and geometry is astronomy.

It is through this ancestral knowledge that we can understand the relationship between geometry and astronomy—a relationship that illustrates the dynamics of orbits in space and time through its principal angles, and where planetary events and alignments determine harmonious geometric divisions within the matrix and the sky.

Here, geometry reveals that, beyond its sacred dimension, it is, above all, scientific knowledge applied to astronomy and the study of the Universe—where its importance and teachings are closely intertwined with mathematics.

It was the geometric knowledge integrated with the complex arithmetic utilized by those cultures—under the frame of reference of the 1440-minute Matrix—that allowed Ancestral Astronomy to provide a three-dimensional reading of the planets' journey through space and time.



II — 7. The Original Orbit and Planetary Dynamics


In an initial observation, ancestral astronomers considered the original orbits of the planets — following circular, perfect, and flat patterns, fixed in perpetual motion — as the orbital state prior to the beginning of the dynamics marked by the movement of their journey through the universe.

It is within this model of an original, fixed, and perfect ancestral orbit — into which the unitary cyclical concept attributed to and represented by the 1440-minute Matrix fits —being inspired by the solar day.

In the ancient system, the original orbit of any planet is always identified in the matrix with the indication of the planet or star it orbits and its direction — which, in the case of the Earth and the Moon, describes their orbital movement in the solar direction, counterclockwise — a circuit that, in the 1440-minute Matrix, is marked from right to left starting from the initial zero point.

Only after the initial observation, where the planet's orbit and its original solar direction are properly identified in the matrix, did ancient astronomers include in their calculations the orbital expansion that kinetic force produces in the movement of planets across the universe.

This explains how the perfect and original orbits of the planets are altered and modified by the action of velocity, and how they manifest from then on, following irregular and distorted patterns in space and time, which we know so well in our astronomy.

A distortion that was identified by Ancient Astronomy as a second movement observed in the orbits of the planets, opposite, complementary, and simultaneous to the direct movement in the solar direction — a movement in the sidereal direction — a second dimension of space and time, where all the variations and fluctuations that expand the orbital systems of the planets are considered, when subjected to the impulse of velocity, a movement that could be measured and calculated with all the rigor for which these cultures are known.



II — 8. Solar Direction and Sidereal Direction


It is in this way that we can conclude that the orbits of the planets in ancient mechanics were measured across two dimensions of space, of time, and within the 1440-minute Matrix — the solar direction and the sidereal direction — where, if the solar direction of the planets, as in the case of the Earth and the Moon, is registered in the Matrix counterclockwise, the sidereal direction is marked clockwise.

However, it is necessary to make an important distinction — what modern astronomy defines as sidereal movement — the positioning of planets in relation to the stars — does not apply to the system of Ancestral Astronomy, where the movement that the sidereal direction indicates is measured along the very orbits of the planets, daily and at every instant, and corresponds to the deviation from their original orbit when subjected to the impact of velocity.

The sidereal direction considered here can be equivalent to what we understand as the precession movement of the planets — which ancient astronomy explained and calculated with total precision, observed through the oscillations to which the planets are subjected, and which their orbits impose upon them — so as not to de-orbit due to impact of velocity.

It is precisely in the calculation and distinction of two planetary movements with opposite and complementary cycles — defined in the solar and sidereal directions — that the magic happens in Ancient Astronomy. Thus, with the understanding of these movements and their correct integration into celestial mechanics and the 1440-minute Matrix, whole numbers manifest, revealing that arithmetic and geometry are sufficient to describe, in a scientific, rational, and three-dimensional way, the step-by-step journey of the planets through the universe in detail.

It is based on this orbital structure with two dynamic directions — the solar and the sidereal, measured in the 1440-minute Matrix based on two spatial coordinates, read in opposite directions, and a time coordinate common to both — that the system is established which allows reading and determining the orbits, alignments, and planetary events, described by whole and rational cycles and values, in a three-dimensional way, across all scales and dimensions in Ancestral Astronomy.




II — 9. The Three-Dimensional Spiral


It is from this point of study on the 1440-minute Matrix that we can understand the dynamic and three-dimensional character of this admirable and ingenious ancestral mechanism.

To be able to understand how a system that starts from a perfectly flat and circular observation can be converted into a dynamic and three-dimensional reading, we need to go back a little and revisit the rigorous way astronomical movements were described in the matrix, where all the movements of the planets were distinguished and carefully studied — an analysis that did not limit itself to the apparent orbit of any planet.

In Ancestral Astronomy, the differences that became apparent between the dynamic cycle and the perfect cycle of the planet served, ultimately, as the raw material that allowed calculating the departure from the fixed circular movement to give way to the three-dimensional movement of the orbital spiral — the ancestral astronomical model that describes the journey of any planet across the universe, as well as identifies the crossings and alignments with other planets.

This was a celestial mechanics based on scientific rigor, which did not need advanced technology to expand the knowledge that planetary observations from Earth provided to them.

The technique that allowed ancestral astronomy to find only whole numbers in its planetary operating system within the 1440-minute matrix is the same one that made it possible to convert the original orbits into a three-dimensional journey across the universe — an approach that, once again, rests upon the rigorous distinction between the different movements on the path of the planets, something that is easily explained by the dynamics of velocity.

If we define a fixed circular path for a given planet and apply velocity to it, it becomes easy to understand that it flexes in its course so as not to drift away from its center — it may rise, descend, twirl, or wobble, but it will never leave its path or de-orbit.

However, whatever the orbital oscillation or variation caused by the impact of velocity may be, it will have astronomical consequences in space and time, delaying or advancing the original cycle observed in that same orbit.

This delay or orbital variation is, ultimately, the deviation whereby the perfect, fixed, two-dimensional circle of perpetual motion of the original orbit of any planet gives way to a three-dimensional, dynamic, and creative spiral.

This expansion, registered in space and time, alters the entire coordinate system and leaves an enormous trail of precious information throughout all ancestral astronomical knowledge — an orbital progression that, without resorting to concepts of force or gravity, can be very well explained by the celestial mechanics described in the 1440-minute Matrix.



II — 10. The Ancestral Space-Time


The ancestral planetary system described within the reference frame of the 1440-minute Matrix — on which the structure of the clock also rests, combining the angular space of rotation with the minutes of time of the Earth's day — reveals to us that humanity, from very early on, understood that time and space represented an inseparable duo in astronomy and in the life of the Earth.

With the intersection of these two coordinates, ancestral cultures were able to understand how the universe — giving form to space-time, the mesh through which planets travel — creates an articulated and dynamic structure, built from its own circular and cyclical orbits, in a model in constant expansion, always proportional and in harmony, revealing the orderly way in which the universe expands and manifests.

It was this astronomical model that made it possible to identify that the journey of planet Earth across the universe wove its own fabric — its space-time, a dynamic structure in constant expansion, described with whole numbers and organized numerical sequences — based on three-dimensional geometric patterns, in an orderly and cyclical way, always proportional and in harmony.

A journey described in the sky, with the same pattern by which nature developed and evolved upon its surface — a scientific confirmation that the Earth built its space-time web in the sky — this very web acting as the generator of its natural life, establishing and reflecting a direct relationship with the order and proportionality in which the orbits, cycles, and planetary events manifested in that same dynamic, where everything expands in a harmonious way.

This knowledge can be explained by the immense wisdom that ancestral cultures left us — who sought to reproduce on Earth and in life the patterns and the order that the sky taught them.

This represents an astronomical, cultural, spiritual, and scientific paradigm — which can be proven in their Circular Science, in the 1440-minute Matrix, and, of course, in the universe itself.




Part III — Astronomy and Modern and Ancestral Science



III — 1. Two Eras and Two Astronomies

Understanding the rigorous and scientific knowledge that lies behind Ancestral Astronomy is the most surprising conclusion to which this investigation into calendars has led us.

Only after truly understanding their Astronomy, and their cycles of time from a mathematical and cosmological point of view, does it become possible to realize the wisdom that these cultures were able to achieve.

The way they understood and explained the connection of the universe with life and nature on the surface of the Earth goes far beyond what we can observe thus far in the scientific and cultural fields.

Although astronomy could have been a purely scientific, global subject of study — about planets, the cosmos, and the universe — the truth is that, throughout the history of humanity, it became a battlefield between science and spirituality, a serious disagreement between the explanation of the “mechanism” and the “meaning” attributed to the heavens and astronomy by cultures.

The irreconcilable differences between Ancestral Astronomy and Modern Astronomy — in their methods of study, results, and conclusions — are a good way to illustrate the point of rupture in the history of civilizations, which marks a clear turning point in the way humanity looked at the heavens.

However, even with the growing divide created at a certain point in history between Ancestral Astronomy and Modern Astronomy, they might, curiously, be coming together. Even though they seem more distant than ever, the results of this investigation explain how the concepts upon which both sciences rest can coincide, making their knowledge complementary and possible to integrate.




III — 2. Science and Thought — Ancestral and Modern Paradigms


Although the main practical and scientific result of this investigation is the discovery of Circular Science and the Matrix of 1440 minutes, the way Ancestral Astronomy and Modern Astronomy intersect — and how the differences upon which both rest can be explained — is, undoubtedly, another objective of this investigation.

It is essential to clarify that, for the ancestral astronomical system to be integrated and properly understood, many of its concepts can be confirmed through correspondence with models and patterns of modern science explained today. This equivalence — which serves as tangible proof that both sciences explain the universe and the natural order under the same universal patterns — shows that their scientific perspectives may, in fact, be coming together and, finally, explaining their differences.

In the course of this work, the terms considered scientific — which describe concepts of modern science — appear in relation to phenomena described by ancestral knowledge. This correspondence does not represent plagiarism, but rather an organic and natural encounter of two astronomies born under the same sky and universe that, sooner or later, would have to meet, even when their paradigms seem distant.

Thus, the pillars of modern thought and science, with concepts such as — space-time, the quantum, the archetype, and synchronicity — reflect models and paradigms that ancestral astronomy already recognized within its own system. Although they belong to different eras and sciences, these bodies of knowledge complement each other and converge admirably.

These concepts organically unify ancestral and modern thought, where — space-time and the quantum — describe the pattern and expansion in the evolution of the structure of the universe, while — the archetype and synchronicity — reveal the intersection and simultaneous manifestation of the physical and psychic realities of nature and life.


III — 3. Ancestral and Modern Space-Time

Modern space-time is Albert Einstein's four-dimensional fabric — which describes the stage where cosmic events occur. Whereas ancestral space-time explains the three-dimensional web determined by celestial mechanics.

The term quantum, on the other hand, reclaimed here in its original concept from Max Planck, — reveals that energy is not emitted in a continuous or linear way, — but rather articulates itself in organized systems or individual packets.

In turn, the ancestral scientific concept demonstrates that the universe is quantum because it expands and manifests in a circular way — with systems upon systems that intersect and articulate across all scales and dimensions, — and where unity itself was considered a complete and organized structure, represented by the 1440-Minutes Matrix.

To complete this context of conceptual correspondences where bridges are established between modern and ancestral knowledge — important differences can also be pointed out — in the way both cultures describe the order in the chain of events of space-time — in which modern science rests on principles of cause and effect, while ancestral science is based on models of order and simultaneous complementarity — paradigms that oppose each other and cause them to diverge.

The model of space-time described by ancestral science — where physical and psychic events reveal themselves in a simultaneous and complementary way in the universe — coincides with one of the pillars of modern thought — Carl Jung's concept of the archetype, which explains how universal patterns and images of nature manifest and reflect upon the same model — in the psyche.

These phenomena considered in ancestral science, and also addressed by modern thought, with Jung's model of synchronicity — reveal how the physical and psychic nature of events articulates itself in a reciprocal, simultaneous, and synchronized way.



III — 4. Three-Dimensional and Four-Dimensional Space-Time


It is by understanding how space-time is defined and characterized — in ancestral and modern science and astronomy — that we can begin to identify and explain their differences.

Ancestral space-time is determined by the orbital pattern of planets and other celestial events — defined by two opposite, complementary, and simultaneous spatial coordinates, articulated with a time coordinate common to both — a system that gives shape to a three-dimensional structure, in constant expansion and movement in the universe, identified by its astronomy.

Ancestral space-time was based on a circular and cyclical observation, with quantities expressed solely in minutes of time and angular minutes of space — where the scale varied according to the magnitude of each cosmic cycle . This geometric flexibility articulated space-time proportionally for each movement or phenomenon, expanding or contracting its dimension according to the nature of the circle of the body or the observed configuration — which allowed the study of astronomy through a system that was always rational and in harmony with the human scale.

In turn, Einstein's modern space-time is four-dimensional and describes the structure where events occur in the universe, being shaped by mass and energy, under the constant of the speed of light. In this model, calculations do not depend on a fixed human scale, with measurement being linear and continuous from the point of observation, extending from scales of meters to the immensity of light-years.

The fabric of space-time in modern astronomy is observed through the deflections and impulses of light as matter moves through the universe. This geometric and dynamic structure is described by gravity resulting from the deformation caused by mass and energy — a complex interpretation system aided by supercomputers and telescopes, with highly specialized technology that allows for measuring and calculating the mesh of the cosmos with high precision and rigor translating it through equations that map millions of vectors in all directions.

This is how, even if in a linear and abstract way, the entire fabric of the cosmos is drawn, as far as its telescopes can reach.



III — 5. Ancestral and Modern Scientific Method


It can be quite unfair to define and reduce the system of modern mathematics to something purely linear and abstract. In truth, its equations are beautiful and creative systems that have the capacity to make millions of vectors dance and twirl across infinite directions, planes, and trajectories — transforming the universe into a true spectacle of visual and rhythmic calculation of absolutely fascinating choreographies, only possible to be orchestrated by its formulas.

Rejecting the prejudice that reduces ancestral astronomy to a geocentric view or the illusion of a fixed vault, this study demonstrates that, for those cultures — the circle and the matrix are not represented by a dome in the sky, but rather by the dynamics of the orbits themselves.

When observing focuses on the journey and cycle of planetary events in astronomy, their calculations did not include the linear axes of width and length of modern space-time.

It is for this reason that ancestral science operated with one less dimension of space than the current astronomical system — because its space-time was not measured from static projections on the celestial vault, but rather through the continuous expansion of the orbital spiral. Far from being primitive, it was a rational mathematics, where movement described the space-time that was born from it.

The three-dimensional and four-dimensional character of the study of both astronomies rests on the difference between the ancestral circular and modern linear methods. We can find this difference of interpretation in the way both systems use their coordinates of space and time.

In its circular model, ancestral astronomy relies on only two coordinates of space and one of time. The first dimension of space describes the direct orbital journey — the solar direction — where movement and time merge in a cyclical way, dispensing with the linear axes of width and height of modern space.

The second ancestral coordinate of space, in turn, is represented by the sidereal direction — a movement opposite to the solar one, but complementary and simultaneous to it. In the contemporary linear model, this coordinate is analogous to the axis of depth. This is how we can understand how ancestral calculations operated without one of the dimensions of space in relation to modern science.

Thus, we can understand that the bases of observation of both cultures start from different perspectives, dimensions, and scales to describe the same phenomena. A difference that can be illustrated in the way time is viewed on a clock in each culture — while ancestral astronomy describes the mechanical gearwork of the clock, modern astronomy calculates the trajectory, speed, and temperature of its hands. The gap that separates them is not found in the rigor or precision of the data — but in the difference in the methods of interpreting reality.




III — 6. Three Eras, One Universe, and One Astronomy


Modern science reads reality as a continuous, causal, and progressive line of time — a straight path, a perhaps shorter route that allows us to reach farther and faster into the universe. Supported by magnificent equations and formulas across tiny or enormous dimensions, always on scales that transcend the human mind — a system that may not provide an integral view of the mechanism of space-time, losing many details in the order of the universe's manifestation... Who knows?

While ancient science described planetary dynamics not through its consequences, but through the mechanism that explained the geometry and pattern of space-time — without calculating forces or energies, with a mechanical and mathematical interpretation based on the orbits of the planets — a scientific reality that described events on a human and rational scale, enabling astronomy to reproduce the cosmic pattern in which the universe manifests upon planet Earth and in life on its surface.

Ancestral Astronomy thus presents itself with a broad vision of the Universe — reflected and understood in its totality — from the model and perspective of the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth. These cultures knew planetary movements in an absolute way. Without complex calculations, it was through arithmetic that they could understand that celestial dynamics built a three-dimensional and evolutionary web — based on circular and cyclical patterns across the universe.

With this understanding, we can conclude that Ancestral Astronomy and Modern Astronomy share the same fundamental scientific principle — where the cosmos and nature operate upon universal geometric and mathematical laws, independent of who observes them or from where they are observed.

Thus, whether celestial dynamics are calculated through abstract equations, or orbits intersect in the Matrix of 1440 minutes, both modern and ancestral systems serve to describe one and the same Universe.

For ancient science, Earth's space-time was distinct and unique to it; yet for modern science, space-time is described as a single fabric with a universal dimension.

Distinct perspectives on observing the cosmos, yet ones that can complement each other in an organic and natural way.

To understand this relationship, let us imagine an engine moving submerged in infinite waters.

Ancestral Astronomy masters the engine from within — knowing its exact mechanics, the gears, the rhythm, and the inner workings of its operation — the order and expansion of space-time across the universe. Modern physics, on the other hand, is an expert on the ocean — calculating the water, drawing vectors, measuring forces, and describing the cosmic fabric with enormous technological precision, but knowing the engine only from the outside, without understanding the nature of the mechanics that sets it in motion.

Two sciences that, through distinct lenses, explain the same dimension in a complementary way. While one holds the key to its internal functioning — the other holds the map of the vastness where it operates.

However, whether one observes the precision of the engine's interior or admires its dance in the forces of the waters, whatever the path of humanity or science, across any model or dimension, the universe always emerges dominant, full, and sublime, breathtaking — a true temple of harmony and wisdom — of an incontestable perfection.

That is how, in any culture or era, the sky always reveals itself as a true work of art. Through any realm of knowledge — weaving webs in the cosmos, or dancing with vectors in the immensity — from any perspective — the physical and spiritual mechanics of ancient science, or the practical and technological precision of modern science.

We thus find, somewhere in the history of humanity, two civilizations, two distant paradigms — which, each in its own way, decipher the same mystery — destined to one day meet.

…and who knows, advance side by side, under the same paradigm and one single astronomy — in the construction of a new Era and civilization.




Ancestral Astronomy logo by Joana Burnay.